College Athletes Of The 21st Century - 1115 Words

College Athletes of the 21st Century The argument about whether a college athlete should be compensated comes up several times a year, especially when the affluentâ€Å"fat cat† businessmen are sitting at home counting their dollars off the backs of amateur athletes around championship time. The debate is whether amateur athletes that are members of the National Collegiate Athletic Association should be compensated for their use of their name, likeness, and athletic skill. Conversely, there is an argument that college athletes are rewarded enough already with scholarships to universities and first looks from professional teams. The NCAA should be compensating college athletes while in school. Furthermore, two Michigan State University lawyers state that college athletes already qualify as laborers under federal labor laws (Cooper). The debate continues concerning compensation for college athletes, and in considering: arguments in favor of compensation for college athletes; arguments against compensation for coll ege athletes; and weighing the evidence of the two arguments; a logical argument can be made in favor of compensation for college athletes. There is a reasonable argument that compensation for college athletes is necessary while attending university. However, the reason for this debate cannot be resolved in such an uncomplicated matter. College football and basketball bring in six billion dollars a year. College athletes deal with scholarship gaps that leave themShow MoreRelatedShould College Athletes Be Paid?1193 Words   |  5 PagesBefore, college athletics was a stepping stone towards the athletes professional future. Now in the 21st century, it is a lucrative business. D-I college athletics is the majority of income for major universities. They collect money from ticket sales, merchandise, T.V. contracts, etc. The athletes, however, receive a scholarship and not much more. Even though receiving a college education is something most people would not complain about, when thes e athletes practice longer than the average AmericanRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?1080 Words   |  5 Pages Over time the landscape of college sports in the United States have changed drastically. Since it was created in 1906, the format of the â€Å"IAAUS† has been drastically altered five times. Not to mention the seemingly constant realignment of teams, placing teams like Memphis in the â€Å"Big East† even though they are not located in the east. (Smith, Ronald) The people who are most affected by the atrocities preformed by the NCAA are the players. 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These days, women athletes are not even considered as much of a big deal that of men athletes. There is also a whole lot of discrimination going against female coaches. Women’s sportsmanship is not given much attention in general. Even the founder of the modern Olympics, Baron Pierre de Coubertin, said inRead MoreGender Equality And Gender Discrimination Essay1211 Words   |  5 Pagespower and authority while women have hidden in the shadows of men. In the 21st century, women have made great strides in attempts to be treated equally as men but are still treated differently. This modern day society believes gender equality exists but i n reality, there is clearly an inequality amongst people creating negative stereotype gender roles, sexually degrading and gender discrimination towards women. 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Assessing and Classifying/Diagnosing 16 to 20 Year Olds Free Essays

Topic: Problems related to assessing and classifying/diagnosing 16 to 20 year olds with patterns of impulsivity, instability in interpersonal relationships, self image and affect. Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Assessing and Classifying/Diagnosing 16 to 20 Year Olds or any similar topic only for you Order Now What is Borderline personality disorder 3. Developmental stages of Borderline Disorder on 16-20 year olds 4. Problems associated with diagnosing and classifying Borderline personality Disorder 5. How its patterns affect self image and interpersonal relationships 6. Conclusion 7. References 1. Introduction In this essay I will be discussing the problems related to assessing and classifying/diagnosing 16-20 year olds with patterns of impulsivity, instability in interpersonal relationships, self image and effect. Before I will discuss the above statement, we have to understand what Borderline Personality disorder. â€Å"Borderline personality disorder is a pervasive pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, self image and emotions. People with Borderline Personality Disorder are usually very impulsive (Grohol,J, 2010). The American Psychiatric Association (2009) found that the Borderline Personality Disorder is a serious psychiatric disorder which is difficult to treat and is poorly understood. As time goes on of course they are working on finding q theoretical concept with the help of psychiatrists. 2. What is Borderline Personality Disorder? According to the APA (2000) â€Å"Borderline Personality Disorder is a pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self image, and effects and a marked impulsivity beginning in early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts†. It is a critical disorder, a person with this disorder will have a variety of symptoms where they avoid real life events, they have unstable intense interpersonal relationships where sometimes they are happy with whom they are relating to, and then the other moment they are dissatisfied with the relationship. They have an image disturbance where they really do not understand who they are, what they are about and what they want for themselves. 3. Developmental stage of Borderline Personality Disorder on 16-20 year olds The development of Borderline Personality Disorder is not exactly known, since it is difficult to diagnose. Psychiatrist and clinicians also find it complicated to know how it develops. There are various factors that can develop it, such as biological, social and genetic factors, since it involves patterns of Depression, Bipolar, Anxiety and other personality disorders. Borderline Personality Disorder shows up at a later stage of one’s life but it actually starts when the person is still very young. The relationships at the young age the person has had have an impact to its development. Most symptoms are extreme at early 20’s. According to Goodman,M. et al. (2009) Case Presentation of â€Å"V† who was diagnosed with Borderline Personality Disorder, they found out that when ‘V’ was a child she was moody and unusually sensitive to physical experiences, responded with anger and at times loose appreciation of her surroundings which these episodes occurred from 3-4 times a week, which goes to show that these continuous actions did have an impact towards â€Å"V† being diagnosed with borderline Personality Disorder. 4. Problems associated with diagnosing and classifying Borderline personality Disorder Most people who have personality disorders or a general mental health problems they do not seek out medical health at early stages when the they can see that something is wrong but rather they leave it, but only start acting when the mental problem start affecting their day to day living. In such cases it can be difficult to help people in a short period of time because the disorder may have affected a large area of their lives which will take time for healing. With Borderline Personality Disorder to diagnose most patients are misdiagnosed with other disorders related to it like depression or Bipolar or end up being diagnosed at a later stage of their lives. Borderline Personality Disorder is treated by professional mental health practitioners and they also have difficulty in diagnosing it in 16-20 year olds, since this disorder involves patterns of various personality disorders, so at this age it is still early to know exactly, there maybe still doubts, because the individual diagnosed has to have had repetitive actions of either suicide, depression, anxiety and Bipolar. At the age of 16-20 years the psychiatrist or clinician might just diagnose and say you only have one of the disorders mentioned above. According to the American Psychiatry Association, the individual has to be 18 years old to be diagnosed with Borderline Personality Disorder, so basically that means at 16-20 years the disorder is at its early stages, and might be difficult for the psychiatrist to easily diagnose it. It is at early adult hood between 22 years and upwards the psychiatrist can easily pick up from the ongoing patterns of impulsive behaviors. . How its patterns affect self image and interpersonal relationships People with Borderline Personality Disorder are frequently angry and are difficult to live with due to their actions and symptoms of impulsive behavior, sometimes they are happy sometimes they are not happy, these patterns can really confuse a relative and making it difficult to tolerate such a person. 5. 1 Family and Friends Family and friends are usually the firs t to be affected when their relative has Borderline Personality Disorder. Since clinicians and psychiatrists take time in diagnosing this disorder it does get difficult for the family to deal with it since they do not understand what is wrong with them. People with Borderline Personality Disorder are affected in the way they think and see things and can affect the way they see their family and friends. Since it is also caused by the way they have been nurtured at a young age, those experiences can affect the way people treat them. Some of their family and friends cannot really keep up with their impulsive behaviors, and end up resenting and rejecting them. They are also fearful of how they will end up since they are involved also in dangerous acts. 5. 2 Self Image The way one sees themselves determines how they will respond and interprete situations they face. People with Borderline Personality Disorder do not believe in themselves since they are fearful and suicidal, so in some instances they lack in productivity. They cannot control situations they are involved in due to their impulsive behaviors, and they are stressful and face many other challenges due to their personalities. Their different patterns affect even their careers, one moment they are productive and impressive the next moment they are on a downfall. With the loss of some close relatives due to their behavior can lead to their change in self image, leading them next relationships to be very sensitive. They usually expect a lot from people and if they do not get what they want they will end up being disappointed. The change in self image may lead to them thinking they are irrelevant and they are not needed by anyone. 6. Conclusion There are problems related in diagnosing16-20 year olds with Borderline Personality Disorder, because it is a pervasive patterns of instability which includes a variety of other disorders, making it hard for clinicians and psychiatrists to diagnose it. Its development it is still not exactly known and shows up at a later stage even thought it starts at a younger age. It does also affect the relationship s the person has with their friends, family and also the way they see themselves due to their behavior. 7. References 1. Goodman, M. , Hazlett, E. A. , New, A. S. , Koenigsberg, H. W. , Siever, L. (2009). Quieting the effective storm of Borderline Personality Disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 166,522-528. 2. Grohol, J. , (2010). Borderline Personality Disorder. Psych Central. Retrived on May 04, 2012, from http://psychcentral. com/lib/2007/symptoms-of-borderline-personality-disorder/ 3. Gunderson, J. G. (2009). Borderline Personality Disorder: Ontogeny of a diagnosis. American Journal of Psychiatry, 166,530-539. 4. Kernberg, O. F. , Michels, R. (2009) Borderline Personality Disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 166,505-508. How to cite Assessing and Classifying/Diagnosing 16 to 20 Year Olds, Essay examples

Psychology reflective essay free essay sample

Any act where a  prisoner deliberately harms themselves irrespecve of the method, intent or severity of any injury† †¢? In 2011- ­? 12 over 27,000 self- ­? harm incidents, involving almost 7,000 prisoners †¢? 7% of male prisoners †¢? 9% of male young o? enders †¢? 30% of female prisoners †¢? 4- ­? 12 mes higher than in the general populaon 2 13/02/2014 England and Wales: 2004- ­? 2009 †¢? 139,195 self- ­? harm episodes †¢? Involving 26,150 prisoners †¢? 5- ­? 6% of male prisoners †¢? 20- ­? 24% of female prisoners Repe55on of self- ­? harm More than 100 episodes / year: Ra5o of self- ­? harm episodes / prisoners 10 9 8 †¢? 2 male prisoners 7 6 †¢? 102 female Prisoners Ra5o 5 4 3 2 1 †¢? 17,307 episodes (26% of total number in female prisoners) 0 2004 2005 2006 Males 2007 2008 2009 Females Counselling in prisons Vigne^es †¢? Ethics – risk, con? denality and the health of the therapist †¢? Security †¢? Who is the client? †¢? Can prison be a therapeuc environment? †¢? What are the e? ects of imprisonment? 3 13/02/2014 What is life in prison like? â€Å"Prisoners su? er the ulmate ignominy of banishment to an uncongenial instuon, which is oBen overcrowded, where friends cannot be chosen, and physical condions are Spartan. Above all, they are all by the process of imprisonment, separated Form everything familiar, including all their social supports and loved ones†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Gunn, 1996: 5) Long-term psychological effects Cohen and Taylor (1972) Prisoners in a maximum security prison have an almost obsessive fear of deterioration â€Å"These men felt that all around them were examples of people who had turned into cabbages because they had not been sufficiently vigilant† (p. 56) Irwin (1980) Prisons degrade, embitter, cripple and dehumanise prisoners Pains of imprisonment vs. ‘deep freeze’ paradigm A queson of methods? †¢? â€Å"We do not discount the importance of phenomenology in assessing prison life †¦ But, if we stray too Far from epistemic values that are crucial to a vigorous social science then we run the risk of making disastrous policy decisions† (Bonta Gendreau, 1990) †¢? What counts as ‘good’ evidence? †¢? When and how should we measure pain and deterioraon? †¢? Crique of ‘harm- ­? as- ­? deterioraon’ paradigm †¢? †¢? †¢? †¢? Cross- ­? seconal studies, short follow- ­? up periods Focus on male long- ­? term prisoners Linear vs. curvilinear e? ects â€Å"pain is a harm which psychological scales have so far failed to re? ect† (Liebling and Maruna, 2005: 12) †¢? Need more longitudinal and mixed method research The Pains of Imprisonment Sykes (1958) †¢? deprivation of liberty †¢? deprivation of goods and services †¢? deprivation of heterosexual relationships †¢? deprivation of autonomy †¢? deprivation of personal security Each â€Å"carries a more profound hurt as a set of threats or attacks which are directed against the very foundation of the prisoner’s being. The individual’s picture of himself as a person of value †¦ begins to waver and grow dim† (p. 78-9) Exaggerations? Walker (1987) - ­? â€Å"research – chie? y by psychologists – has done much to de? ate the sweeping exaggeraons – chie? y by sociologists – about the ill e? ects of normal incarceraon† Bonta and Genreau (1990) †¢? Meta- ­? analyc review of quantave research into crowding, solitary con? nement, short- ­? term con? nement long- ­? term imprisonment. †¢? â€Å"the empirical data we reviewed quesons the validity of the view that imprisonment is universally painful† (p. 365) †¢? imprisonment may have the fortuitous bene? t of isolang the o? ender from a highly risky lifestyle in the community (p 357). When is imprisonment painful? Bukstel and Kilmann (1980) †¢? The process of adaptation to prison (including patterns of Custody†¦ indeed, prison may provide an opportunity for o? enders previously leading chaoc lifestyles to seHle into a stable roune and engage with services† (p. 79) †¢? Is T1 a valid baseline? †¢? Is T3 too early? †¢? What happens later in the sentence and/or aTer release? †¢? Can/should we look for general pa^erns? â€Å"Some people do experience a decline in mental health in prison. These individuals are more likely to be female, on remand, have pre- ­? exisng severe and enduring mental illness or some combinaon of these factors† (Ibid. ) 5 13/02/2014 Prison climate (Liebling, 2004) Summing up †¦ †¢? It is broadly accepted that. Imprisonment can be painful, especially in overcrowded condions †¢? Parcularly under these circumstances, prison can lead â€Å"to an acute worsening of mental health problems† (Joint Commi^ee on Human Rights, 2005: para. 4. 99) Well- ­? being Respect Humanity Safety Rela5onships Order Trust Support Fairness Personal development Decency Family contact Meaning Prisoner social life Power/authority †¢? The high rates of suicides and self- ­? harm in prisons may be viewed as evidence that ‘doing me’ is stressful and damaging for many prisoners †¢? Nevertheless, â€Å"there is li^le to support the conclusion that long term imprisonment necessarily. Has detrimental e? ects† (emphasis added, Bonta and Gendreau, 1990: 357) †¢? Short- ­? term impact– psychological and otherwise †¢? Praccal, health, socio- ­? economic and relaonal consequences for prisoners and their families Supporting prisoners’ well- ­? being †¢? †¢? †¢? †¢? †¢? †¢? †¢? †¢? †¢? †¢? †¢? †¢? †¢? †¢? First night centres/packs Safer Locals Personal o? cer schemes Access to Samaritans’ phones and counselling Peer support and mentoring (including listener schemes) Chaplaincy Cell- ­? sharing risk assessment Equivalence of health care Purposeful acvity encouraged Educaon O? ending Behaviour Drug Rehabilitaon Programmes Family. Visits days Charity support services (e. g. foreign naonals) Focus on rese^lement/building links with community services Should prison aim to be a therapeutic environment? Crique of the ‘therapunive rhetoric’ â€Å"Although in themselves the psychological programmes are most probably harmless [†¦ they] actually cause harm because they suggest to women that they should be able to control their responses to adverse material circumstances over which, in fact, they have no control† (Carlen, 2006: 7) Legimising the use of imprisonment E? ecveness, feasibility and ethics of ‘voluntary’ psychological therapies and intervenons – and. Costs involved Warehousing? Being a prison counsellor â€Å"Some argue it may be useless and even unethical to provide psychotherapy within the prison system, as the environment migates against therapeuc change. Who is the counsellor working for? For the prison system? The client? The NHS? Society? Her/himself? Perhaps the counsellor is working for a putave future vicm. And what are the necessary condions for e? ecve psychotherapy? Con? denality is a prime ingredient of the therapeuc relaonship: how might the issue of client con? denality work within the prison system? † (Pars, n. d. ) â€Å"†¦I needed to be adaptable yet. Aware of the importance of maintaining the frame and boundary of the therapeuc relaonship. On a typical visit I would be escorted up to the Visits Hall †¦ I would see my clients in a small booths (about six feet square) where con? denality was clearly an issue. We could be seen by most people in the hall and potenally overheard by anyone in an adjacent booth. This could be a source of distracon and somemes concern for my clients. I enquired as to whether there might be a more suitable room available, but was told that due to the overcrowding there was a serious shortage of space. It was this or nothing. I felt that this Was indeed be^er than nothing†¦ 6 13/02/2014 Inially, the biggest impression was how desperate people were to tell their stories. Many of them had never con? ded their childhood abuse. A large number of them were scared to tell anyone what had happened because of the received wisdom that to be abused means they will probably abuse. So for any other inmate to ?nd out they were talking to a sexual- ­? abuse counsellor could have various unpleasant consequences. I was also aware that prison is not necessarily the best place to explore di? cult feelings, open up and potenally make oneself vulnerable. This was an ongoing problem. Was it fair, or even ethical, to ask anyone to go through counselling within such an environment? I thought (and think) it was. The conclusion I came to aTer working with a number of inmates for over four years, was that a large percentage of the prison populaon were traumased in childhood by some form of abuse: sexual, physical or psychological†¦ For these people, counselling can be of great bene? t. Many of them have never experienced a warm, posive, non- ­? judgmental relaonship and the experience of one can empower them and teach them empathy (some of my clients became Listeners aTer a few months of counselling). †